Critically evaluate, in relation to the common law duty of care, the Essay - 6

Critically evaluate, in relation to the common law duty of care, the liability of employers for references. How, if at all, doe - Essay Example Issuing of references for employees or former employees by employers is a practice that is of interest to both the employer and the employee (Middlemiss 2013, p141). The employers have an interest in understanding the extent of their liability. On the other hand, the employees have an interest in knowing whether they have the right to sue employers for economic damage arising from unjust references. In understanding the liability of employers for references, the paper will look into the relevant principles of the law by reviewing cases related to the subject in question (Lee 2011). Case studies Spring v Guardian Assurance plc and others The spring v Guardian Assurance plc and others led to the realization of the importance of pursuing acts of negligence through unjust and unfair references. Before this realization, employees who suffered from unjust references only used the tort laws to search for justice (House of Lords 1995). The option of the tort laws was not common due to the ev idential obstacles that the plaintiff faced. In the Spring v Guardian Assurance plc and others, the House of Lords came to a conclusion that, in situations where an employer decides to give a current or former employee a reference, it is the employer’s responsibility to take reasonable care in preparing or issuing the reference. It is also the employer’s responsibility to take care when verifying the information related to the reference. In addition, the House of Lords also concluded that, in situations where an employer issues a reference to a prospective or future employer, it is the employer’s responsibilities to provide care to that the employer in respect to the preparation of the reference. It further states that, in cases where a break of any of the duties occurs due to negligence in preparing the reference, the employer issuing the reference can be held responsible for damages to the employee, prospective employer or future employer (UKHL, 1994). The emp loyer issuing a reference has the responsibility to act in a fair manner towards the employee to protect the employee from suffering from economic losses due to negligence in issuing the reference. The employer also has a duty of care towards the employer receiving the reference because the recipient employer relies on the reference information in providing employment to the subject of the reference (McBride 2004, p.420). Therefore, the employer’s decision to employ the employee is largely influenced by the information provided on the reference. This point makes it reasonable to hold the employer issuing the reference responsible for any economic damage that the prospective employer suffers (Middlemiss 2004, p.67). In another example, it was concluded in the Legal Assurance Ltd v Kirk that, in a situation where an employer makes an informal statement regarding an employee that is not relied on by a third party, there is no liability due to negligence even if there is no any r eference issued. However, this claim was not accepted by the Court of Appeal because it was based on speculations on how the employer might respond when requested for a reference (Middlemiss 2004, p62). A different approach in understanding the liability of employers for reference is evident in Bartholomew v London Borough of Hackney. In this case, an employer issuing

The Just Versus Unjust Essay Example for Free

The Just Versus Unjust Essay Henry David Thoreau, Martin Luther King, Jr., and Sophocles were three men who tried to show the world that unjust laws hurt all of society, and all three tried what they thought would be the remedy to such injustice.   King even gave his life to the cause of overcoming unjust laws.   I feel that all of them made good points and should be remembered for their great works, but I think that Antigone by Sophocles is the most effective because she actually gives her life for the cause that she feels is unjust.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   From the start of the play, Antigone states that she will die young. Leave me and my ill counsel to endure This dreadful doom. I shall not suffer aught So evil as a death dishonourable. (Sophocles Ll. 109-111) Antigone’s brother, Polynices  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   , has been killed while at war with his brother for the controlling power of Thebes.   Creon, Antigone’s uncle and now the king of Thebes, has decreed that Polynices cannot have a burial, unlike his brother, Eteocles.   His body must lie out in the open where the birds and the elements take a toll on his remains, and anyone who tries to burry him will be stoned.   Antigone is distraught, not only because of her brother’s death, but by this dishonorable deed decree which is now law.   Therefore she knows from the start that she will receive the ultimate punishment for what she knows that she has to do.   As Antigone explained to her sister, Ismene, while trying to convince her that she should also help with the burial, she must answer to higher powers than the king.   This is much like Dr. Martin Luther King’s philosophy. But more basically, I am in Birmingham because injustice is here. Just as the prophets of the eighth century B.C. left their villages and carried their thus saith the Lord far beyond the boundaries of their home towns, and just as the Apostle Paul left his village of Tarsus and carried the gospel of Jesus Christ to the far corners of the Greco-Roman world, so am I. compelled to carry the gospel of freedom beyond my own home town. Like Paul, I must constantly respond to the Macedonian call for aid. (King)   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Antigone and King suffered from injustices bestowed on them by birth.   Antigone was the daughter of Oedipus and Jocasta, who were not only man and wife, but mother and son.   She was cursed at birth for the atrocity of her parent’s sin.   King was born an African American during the time when prejudice was at the heart of the moral fiber in southern America.   They could not escape their trials.   Henry David Thoreau was born into privilege.   The few sufferings he endured were self imposed.   That does not mean that he was less of an honorable man.   He did choose to stand up for the injustice he saw in the laws of the land. He had never been a slave, and yet he went to jail because he refused to pay taxes to a government that would uphold the hideous institution of slavery.   Like Antigone, he made a conscious decision to break the law that he knew in his heart to be unjust.   If others pay the tax which is demanded of me, from a sympathy with the State, they do but what they have already done in their own case, or rather they abet injustice to a greater extent than the State requires. If they pay the tax from a mistaken interest in the individual taxed, to save his property, or prevent his going to jail, it is because they have not considered wisely how far they let their private feelings interfere with the public good. (Thoreau)   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Antigone, despite the order from her king, uncle, and future father-in-law, decides to give her brother an honorable burial even though her Ismene has declined to help her and to obey the law.   When it is discovered by Creon who the culprit of this crime is, she willingly admits to what she has done as do King and Thoreau when they are charged for their unjust crimes.   The major difference is that Antigone will face certain death.   She sees this as an act of love. There is no baseness in the act which shows our reverence for our kindred.(Ll. 564-5) King was martyred for his beliefs, however, he did not know with certainty that would be the outcome.  Ã‚   Thoreau knew that jail was inevitable, but death was never an issue.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Creon, after a fight with his son, decides not to stone Antigone, but to entomb her alive so that she will suffer a slow death.   This sentence is unjust because she only buried her brother.   Creon does not see it as only a burial, but as a treasonous act because she has broken his law.   With all societies, the reason for the punishment of a crime is not for justice, but to make an example of the condemned and to strike fear in all who would seek to follow that same course. Antigone willingly takes her punishment.   She is adamant that her sister, Ismene, will not suffer the same fate as Creon has declared, not because she is concerned for Ismene’s well being, but she feels that Ismene does not deserve to die a martyr’s death since she did not help Antigone in the burial.   Creon decides to spare Ismene, and Antigone readily accepts her fate.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   When the soothsayer of Thebes, warns Creon of the wrath from the gods that he will bring down on Thebes, he refuses to listen, and instead curses the old man.   He truly does not want to hear that he might not be in the right.   Many times in today’s society leaders are the same way.   They would rather go down and take a country down with them than admit that they were wrong. Creon, out of fear, orders that Antigone be released.   The sentry return only to tell him that Antigone has killed herself by hanging and that Haemon was also in the tomb mourning her.   Creon goes to the tomb himself and finds Haemon wailing about Antigone’s death.   He strikes at his father, but misses.   Then he turns the sword on himself and takes his own life.   Eurydice, Creon’s wife and Haemon’s mother, hears of her son’s suicide and stabs herself.   Creon is then told of his wife’s suicide and her body is brought before him.   He is so grief stricken that he prays for death. Woe! woe! alas! I shudder in my fear: Will no one strike   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  1496 A deadly blow with sharp two-edgà ¨d sword? Fearful my fate, alas! And with a fearful woe full sore beset. (Ll. 1495-99) There are two major themes in Antigone as well as several minor ones.   One of the themes is that when an unjust law is permitted to exist, there are tragic results for all of the citizens of that society.   Many will pay the price for the atrocity.   Millions of slaves paid the price of slavery while thousands paid the ultimate price for civil rights in the nineteen sixties.   The other major theme is that it takes a brave soul to turn around the injustices of the law.   Antigone paid for the wrong done to her brother, but she also brought forth the sympathy of the citizens of Thebes. This gave them courage in the face of adversity.   Thoreau had only a few followers when he introduced the idea of civil disobedience but it has survived the test of time.   Since it was first published, numerous individuals and groups have looked to his teaching as an example of making their voice heard.   Of course King’s work brought the idea for civil rights for all people to the forefront.   The freedoms that all Americans hold dear today are possible in part because of his actions. Lead me, then, forth,   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  1524 vain shadow that I am, Who slew thee, O my son, unwittingly, And thee, too—(O my sorrow)—and I know not Which way to look. All near at hand is turned   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  1528 Aside to evil; and upon my head There falls a doom far worse than I can bear.(Ll. 1524-30)   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   All three men, Thoreau, King, and Sophocles left their mark on the world when it came to resistance to unjust laws of society.   Over time they have inspired many to do the same.   Sometimes these ideas have been met with success, and other times they have been unsuccessful.   However, when a life is lost for a cause, the results are eternal and it is hard for the martyr to be forgotten.   That is why Antigone is the most effective example as the response to the unjust law. Works Cited King, Martin Luther, Jr. Letter from Birmingham Jail. April 16, 1963, Nobel Prizes. June 7, 2007, http://www.nobelprizes.com/nobel/peace/MLK-jail.html Sophocles. Antigone. 1909-14. Bartleby Harvard Classics. June 7, 2007, http://www.bartleby.com/8/6/1.html Thoreau, Henry David. Civil Disobedience. 1849, The Art Bin Origo. June 7, 2007, http://art-bin.com/art/odisob.html

Development of Geographic Information System

Development of Geographic Information System CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION GEOGRAPHIC INFORMATION SYSTEM A geographic information system helps to create maps, integrate information, visualize scenarios, present powerful ideas and develop effective solutions. GIS can be used in wide areas for the purpose of decision making. This technique used in many areas such as traffic measurement, asset management and weather forecasting. A geographic information system helps to analyze large quantity of data within a single database according to their location. GIS is used for providing information about disaster and will manage huge level of data for vulnerability and hazard management. GIS is well developed and successful tool that is applicable in disaster refinement and forecasting. Weather forecasts cover large regions and weather status may change every minute during the natural disaster. Weather forecasting, disaster management and warning are also major service provided by GIS. GPS is integration of software and hardware components that used in mobile phones for tracking the location. GPS is an very robust and easy to handle. GPS is an real time positioning information that provides highly accurate geographic reference in dependent of time and weather. Spatial database stores a huge amount of space-related information such as maps, medical imaging data, pre-processed remote sensing data, and VLSI chip layout data. Geospatial data is the data that relates to the geographic location of features that mainly required for GIS. Spatial data that show where the feature is there and attribute data provide information about the feature .The amount of Geospatial data will be collected in disaster refinement and forecast system is also increasing exponentially. The complexity of spatial database isthat it is not possible to analyze and collect data completely. 1.2 GEOGRAPHIC MAPS Two dimensional graphic representation of earth surface. The sizes of geographic objects on a map smaller than size in reality. Google map isa free web mapping and location basedservice. Google service provider providesa free web APIfor using the Google map web interface. Interactive web mapping services and resource management services have been introduced as an extension to a conventional GIS system. Integration of web mapping service and geographic resource has recently attracted more attention. The service providers manage and maintain all the services by API. Google API services are free at present. But some API services have only limited usage. People want the services for usage have to register their own details and purpose of usage. The registered users are permitted to add labels on a web page to request the service providers and access their service to gather the resource of Geo-information. When the developer request exceeds for some resources, the application is blocked b y service providers and it is put in waiting to be confirmed. Finally, it will be approved. People (developers) are interested to use Google map in their application have to apply for a Google map key. After applying the Google map key then developers can use or insert Google map to their own application. Google map provides control and options to use mapping service as per user’s request. Google map service provider, have some policies that have to be satisfied by the developer as per the need of the application. The developers should provide the purpose of map usage in their application and their professional details for avoiding illegal usage of the map. GEOMETRIC PROBLEM Computational Geometry is one that describes the studies of data structure and algorithm for Geometric problems. Geometric Algorithm used to solve Geometric Problems such as Range Searching, Point Location. Nearest Neighbor and Ray Tracing. Spatial data mining denotes the spatial relationships, extraction of knowledge, or other interesting patterns that are not clearly stored in spatial data sets. Spatial data are mainly required for GIS whose information is related to geographic locations. The amount of spatial data that can be collected in such systems is also increasing exponentially. The complexity of the data found in these databases means that it is not possible for humans completely to analyze the data being collected. Spatial database is one of large database that manage multidimensional objects such as lines, points etc. Spatial partitioning is a step to define, generate and represent partitioned data. Spatial Data is partitioned based on spatial attribute. Spatial data is partitioned as tree and recursive subdivision of space. KD tree algorithm is used for spatial partitioning. The purpose is to hierarchically decompose space into small number of cells, such that no two cells contain too many objects. Fast way to access any input object is by its position. Algorithm construct kd tree by partitioning point set recursively along different dimensions. Space partitioning is the process of dividing a space into two or more disjoint subsets. Space- partitioning means that divide large regions into several small regions. Then the partitioning technique applied to small regions recursively. These regions are organized into a tree called as spatial-partitioning tree. Cluster analysis or clustering is the task of grouping a set of objects, that objects will be similar means they are in the same group or otherwise in different group. To build a hierarchy of clusters called hierarchical cluster analysis. Nearest Neighbor technique is simple and efficient that based on the structure of data. Various techniques available for solving the nearest neighbor problems. K-Nearest Neighbor is simple and fast technique deals with large data samples that use the nearest neighbor rule. Ball Tree K-Nearest Neighbor deal with high dimensional data to improve speed to find K-Nearest Neighbor to perform Geometric learning tasks. Quad tree is partition the space into two dimensions that means root node partitioned exactly into four children. Octree is data structure that partition space into three dimension space such as recursively subdivides space into eight octants. R Tree is one of spatial indexing technique that indexing multi dimensional information such as geo graphical coordinates that store geometric objects and also used for spatial access methods. R+ Tree differ from R Tree that avoids overlapping of coordinates. R* Tree is robust and efficient technique used to structure geometric objects. 1.4 WETHER FORECASTING Weather conditions have increased the demand for decision support systems to include true forecasts. Weather forecasts cover large regions and weather status may change every few minutes the effectiveness in human life to know what will happen for unpredictable situations and events. weather forecasting and warning are also major service provided by GIS. The emergence of smart phones has led to the proliferation of a variety of innovative data-driven mobile applications. One useful application is location based mobile weather forecasting which provides minute-to-minute forecasts. After around to staring at temperatures, reading reviews, and watching weather alerts roll in, that this Weather offers the most straightforward approach to presenting weather data on an Android Smartphone. Though it sounds complicated, it’s all about how much weather you want and how often, which is pretty easy to figure out. No two people experience and appreciate weather the same way, and most Andr oid device owners have different styles of customizing their phones. So picking just one Android weather app for everyone just isn’t going to fly. weather forecast and disaster refinement forecast is assessed which involves weather related data such as temperature, air pressure, rainfall, solar radiation,relative humidity, wind speed, sea level pressure, ground level pressure and their location related latitude and longitude. A major part of cyclone disaster refinement and weather forecasting are the severe weather alerts and advisories to people that severe or hazardous weather is expected. 1.5 CYCLONE DISASTER Natural disastersmakeextreme weather changes in earth surface that givelotsof losses and damages to valuable goods, buildings, andthat result in death or injury to humans. Cyclone is one of natural disaster that makes the area of closed, circular fluid motion rotating in the same direction as the earth. Cyclonic circulations mostly appear in an large scale that are centered on low atmospheric pressured areas. Cyclone disaster may cause severe weather events and problems that create wind speed more than 200 km/hour and sea waves as high as a few metres. Cyclone disaster makes severe weather changes that damage property and disturb the daily lives. The main objective of cyclone disaster refinement and forecast system is to monitor the changes and refine the complicated disaster occurrence as accurately as possible. Cyclone disaster refinement and forecast system have two aspects: Monitoring the situation and recording the real weather changes and any chance for the disaster such as a cyclone.Other is occurrence prediction ofcycloneand causesof cyclone disaster. In this system, we are going to find out any possibilities of cyclone and due to any weather changes by real-time Geospatial data collection. In this system, API services for collecting live data from service providers such as Google, yahoo are used. The resource integration may use own API for integration of useful resources. Service providers observe every Geospatialchangethrough satellite and gather weather data. To prevent the damages to forecasting the upcoming disaster related updates frequently. 1.6 FUZZY LOGIC BASED MODEL Fuzzy Logic can mimics a person would make decisions about anything such as forecasting. Both expert knowledge and past data can be used to develop the forecasting system. Fuzzy Logic provides a simple way to arrive at a definite conclusion based upon imprecise, noisy or missing input information. It has an ability to explain the results and it can be coupled with other technologies such as neural networks to develop powerful systems. Fuzzy results depend on the initial data or the knowledge. The fuzzy concept means set their range or values that can vary according to the conditions, instead of being fixed once and for all. Actually the fuzzy has semantics, but they defined as per the specification, including a definition of the conditions in which they are operationalized. The reasoning of fuzzy logic have only two values that as true and false values which may incomplete or ambiguous, Fuzzy logic able to process this situation and to provide approximate solution. To design this fuzzy system, that define the rule that satisfied the rule that equals the range means that specified as input and output data. They collect data to make dataset based on their existing one to form the range that will make some rules. The fuzzy inference system can be described in the five steps: Fuzzifying Input Applying Fuzzy Operators Applying the Implication Process Aggregating All Outputs Defuzzifying The aim of the work, is collecting geospatialdata and integrating the geographic resource and then passed to the algorithm of nearest neighbor change in cities are found and the climate will visualize it on Android Smartphone via Google map. The Google map is input to the system. This work is organized as follows. Section 2 gives the review of previous work onthe weather data collection, Algorithm for findingnearest neighbors, Natural disaster rating and forecasting. Section 3 describes the problem statement of the existing work. Section 4 and 5 elaborates proposed methods and analysis and the discussion about testing our work is noted in Section 6. Section 7 presents implementations and conclusions of the work is noted in section 8.

IQ Tests Dont Test Intelligence :: science

Why IQ Tests Don't Test Intelligence The task of trying to quantify a person’s intelligence has been a goal of psychologists since before the beginning of this century. The Binet-Simon scales were first proposed in 1905 in Paris, France and various sorts of tests have been evolving ever since. One of the important questions that always comes up regarding these tools is what are the tests really measuring? Are they measuring a person’s intelligence? Their ability to perform well on standardized tests? Or just some arbitrary quantity of the person’s IQ? When examining the situations around which these tests are given and the content of the tests themselves, it becomes apparent that however useful the tests may be for standardizing a group’s intellectual ability, they are not a good indicator of intelligence. To issue a truly standardized test, the testing environment should be the same for everyone involved. If anything has been learned from the psychology of perception, it is clear that a person’s environment has a great deal to do with their cognitive abilities. Is the light flickering? Is the paint on the walls an unsettling shade? Is the temperature too hot or too cold? Is the chair uncomfortable? Or in the worst case, do they have an illness that day? To test a person’s mind, it is necessary to utilize their body in the process. If everyone’s body is placed in different conditions during the testing, how is it expected to get standardized results across all the subjects? Because of this assumption that everyone will perform equally independent of their environment, intelligence test scores are skewed and cannot be viewed as standardized, and definitely not as an example of a person’s intelligence. It is obvious that a person’s intelligence stems from a variety of traits. A few of these that are often tested are reading comprehension, vocabulary, and spatial relations. But this is not all that goes into it. What about physical intelligence, conversational intelligence, social intelligence, survival intelligence, and the slew of others that go into everyday life? Why are these important traits not figured into intelligence tests? Granted, normal standardized tests certainly get predictable results where academics are concerned, but they should not be considered good indicators of general intelligence because of the glaring omissions they make in the testing process. To really gauge a person’s intelligence, it would be necessary to put them through a rigorous set of real-life trials and document their performance.

Ap Euro Essay 2-2

AP European Essay 2-2 The First World War brought about a phenomenon known as â€Å"total war†. Total war is a war fought on all fronts. A total war has the full support of the country and all human resources, from civilians to soldiers, are considered a part of the war effort. Total war during the first world war had a direct impact on the social, political, and economic structures of the European powers. Total war saw many changes in the social structures of Europe. With millions of men at the front unheard of numbers of jobs were available to those who had become accustomed to unemployment and poverty.This type of situation was seldom seen before 1914 where unemployment and poverty had been facts of everyday life. The role of women in everyday life changed immensely with the arrival of total war. With such large number of positions that were typically worked by men opening up many women took roles in society that they had never considered before, such as police officers, ma il carriers, and even industry workers. The presence of Total war also promoted social equality, blurring class lines and closing the gap between the rich and the poor.This greater social equality was very apparent in Great Britain where wartime hardships were never extreme and where the bottom one third of the population actually lived better than they had before the war. The advent of total war also brought about change in the political structure of the European powers. During the first two years of the war both soldiers and civilians supported their governments and saw their county as having a just cause for fighting in the war. European governments employed rigorous censorship and propaganda in order to control the public opinion and maintain popular support.By 1916 the stain of a total war began to wear on the people of Europe and some groups attempted to take advantage of this strain. One group who took advantage of this was the group of Irish nationalists in Dublin in who ros e up against British rule in the Easter rebellion. Similar strikes and protests flared up all over Europe due to inadequate food rations. Total war not only changed the economy of Europe but also helped to bring about a war economy that would have lasting effects.When the war began Germany went about setting up the War Raw Materials Board to ration and distribute raw materials. Under the direction of Walter Rathenau every useful material from foreign oil to barnyard manure was inventoried and rationed. Food also suffered from rationing with those who worked longer, harder days being allotted more food. This rationing of all useful resources facilitated the mobilization for total war and marked the first instance of state socialism functioning realistically rather than as a utopian program.Without these drastic economic changes the total war phenomenon would have never have come to fruition. The effort of both citizen and soldier were vital in bringing about the total war phenomenon. The social, political, and economic structures of the European powers were changed in great ways due to many nations embracing the ideas that make up total war. But through all of the many changes one thing was certain; war is a vital facet in the changing of societies and countries will shape themselves around it. Not only had the lives of Europeans changed due to total war, but war had changed.

Entry

Entry Marketing Objectives The marketing plan for Blink Camera aims at ensuring the recognition of the companys entry level camera and its multi-feature camera. The company is focused in increasing the sales volume for both entry level camera and its multi-feature camera. To achieve these objectives, the following marketing objectives have been developed:Advertising We will write a custom proposal sample on Entry-Level Camera Marketing Plan Multi-Feature Camera Marketing Plan specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Market penetration; the two products will be sold to existing customer segments Market extension; the two products will be extended to new markets where Blink Camera has never entered before. Promoting the entry level camera among the youth as a user-friendly, affordable and creative camera that meets their photography needs Promoting the multi-feature camera among middle income groups and professional photographers Core Strategy Tar get Markets As stated earlier, the Blink entry-level camera will be targeted more at the youth sector. The companys promotional campaigns and marketing initiatives will target the younger generation in all the regions that the company operates in including Europe, Asia- Pacific, Africa among others. To attract the younger generation to this product, the company will roll out a ‘fun’ campaign to promote the Blink entry camera in all the regions where it operates (U.S Small Business Administration, 2012). On the other hand, the multi-feature cameras are more convenient for more mature and financially stable segments of the population. For this reason, the marketing for this product will target the middle income earners and photography professionals. In addition, given the cameras multiple features some people perceive it as complex and difficult to use. To address this challenge the company has produced a user guide that will guide the customers on how to take pictures qu ickly. Competitor targets At present, there are many entry-level camera models in the market. These include products from major global players like Canon, Sony, and Olympus that are promoted widely in the market. Canon will further provide significant competition for Blinks multi-feature camera because it strongly markets its professional models like the 50D and 7D, however, Blink can beat it in the entry-level models if significant marketing is done because it often overlooks its models such like the 1000D. The company projects that its strong marketing campaign for its entry level and the multi-feature camera in both new and established markets will help it capture a significant market share by gaining popularity among the population because of enhanced product awareness. Blinks competitive edge Blinks entry level camera has an affordable price of $ 300 compared to the ones offered by rivals which cost $ 150 on average. The better price offered by Blink will give its customers goo d value for their money coupled with features that are quite similar to the expensive ones. In addition, the user guide that comes with the multi-feature camera provides an easy to use interface that can help professional photographers and personal users to gain confidence in using the multi-feature camera with a step-by-step guide and inspiration. Such a feature is not available in the models that the competitors offer.Advertising Looking for proposal on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Marketing Mix Product For both products, the company will provide three-hour training for the buyers for them to gain an understanding of their respective cameras and their features. This will build their confidence in handling their cameras. Promotion The company will hold road shows in polytechnics, colleges and tertiary institutions to attract the youth segment who are the main customers for the entry level cam era, use will also be made of the social network particularly Twitter and Face book. On the other hand, the multi-feature camera will be marketed through television and newspaper advertisements and demonstrations to selected media houses (Marketing Donut, 2012). Price All the products will be relatively cheaper than those of the completion (Smith, 2010). The entry level camera will sell at $ 50 while the multi-feature camera will go at $ 500. Place The company already has dealers in all its major markets; however it will recruit new dealers in its new market segments. For this the two brands will be readily available to customers. The dealer shops will equally offer after sales services where customers can service or repair their products. People As a company, Blink will recruit training staff who will offer complimentary training to users of Blink cameras. In addition, marketing staff will be recruited who will carry out the promotion for the two brands. Budget The companys marketi ng budget will be based on profits. That is the companies advertising will be a percent of the previous years profits. As the products move toward their growth stage the marketing budget will be reduced accordingly. The company will use 6 % of the previous years profits as its marketing budget. References Marketing Donut. (2012). Marketing Strategy: How do you market an expensive item? Web.Advertising We will write a custom proposal sample on Entry-Level Camera Marketing Plan Multi-Feature Camera Marketing Plan specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Smith, T. (2010). Prices and product lifecycle -must all prices fall? Web. U.S Small Business Administration. (2012). Developing a marketing plan. Web.

Identity in the Age of Internet essays

Identity in the Age of Internet essays The new and exiting ways of modern day computers and their increasing proliferation have definitely transformed the human and machine identity. As Turkle indicates computers have ceased to be simple logical machines, which just did the job for us' but now have a subjective influence on us, affecting the way we think and operate. The virtual world has very much become a part of our human personality. The, virtual parlors, game rooms and other Multi user Domains which allow for simultaneous participation of people from different geographical domains have cast an new emotional identity to computers. The anonymity and multiple identities on the Multi user domains on the Internet highway has opened new possibilities for people to extend their expression in terms of multiple personalities The Internet is limitless and not time bound offering infinite possibilities for the self to express itself. This multisensory and highly interactive media creates a temporary suspension of reality as people enter the virtual world on a regular basis. In the virtual environment there is in effect a destruction and reconstruction of the Cartesian self many times over. (Postmodern ideology) We are indeed witnessing a great social change as with real time audio and video the virtual media has sort of merged into the real or at least it has become an integral part of the human personality complex. The more often people interrelate with the machine and through the machine with each other, we see the gap between the virtual and real is closing up and technology is indeed fast driving humanity towards a postmodern society where there is spontaneity, reflexivity and multiple Judging by appearances (Cosmetic Surgery and Human Identity) The enlightment ideology implies that individuals could remake or ...

George C Marshall essays

George C Marshall essays Starting at a very young age George Catlett showed the attributes of a general and leader. Growing up in Uniontown Pennsylvania under the strict rule of his father, George Catlett Marshall Sr. and his mother, The Marshall plan encouraged European nations to work together to achieve economic recovery after World War II. In June 1947, the United States agreed to give aid to Europe if the countries would meet to decide what they needed. The official name of the plan was the European Recovery Program. It was called the Marshall Plan because George Marshall, the Secretary of State at the time first suggested it. The Plan first took action in April 1948; when Congress established the (ECA) Economic Cooperation Administration to administer foreign aid. Seventeen nations formed the (OEEC) Organization for European Economic Cooperation to assist the ECA and develop cooperation among its members. The United States sent about $13 billion in food, machinery, and other products to Europe. Marshall was dedicated to building a strong defense, but he also labored to find peaceful solutions to world conflicts. In December 1953, he was awarded the Nobel Prize for Peace in recognition of his contributions to the economic rehabilitation of Europe. He was the first soldier to win that honor. Through the words of Winston Churchill "During my long and close association with successive American administrations, there are few men whose qualities of mind and character have impressed me so deeply as those of General Marshall. He is a great American, but he is far more than that. In war he was as wise and understanding in counsel as he was resolute in action. In peace he was the architect who planned the restoration of our battered European economy and, at the same time, labored tirelessly to establish a system of Western defense. He has always fought victoriously against defeatism, discouragement, and disillusion. Succeeding generations must ...

A case of Company Law Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

A case of Company Law - Essay Example n Telecomms Plc, a public company limited by shares on the potential legal consequences of an anticipated complaint against its subsidiary company Mobilestoyou Limited, for loss of health and property by one of the customers of the subsidiary, under the provisions of Company Law. The Company was formed with 30,000 fully paid ordinary shares of â‚ ¤ 1 each subscribed by Peter, Paul and Mary While Peter and Mary pays the value of the shares by cash, Paul pays the cost of his shares by transferring the ownership of his 10 year old car to the company. The legal position with reference to the issue of initial shares is as under: The Act does not specify any minimum capital for the private companies. In the case of Newtown the company was formed with the authorized capital of â‚ ¤30,000 which is in violation of the provisions of the company law. The company should increase the authorized capital by passing an ordinary resolution (unless the articles of association require a special or extraordinary resolution). A copy of the resolution - and notice of the increase on Form 123 - must reach Registrar of Companies within 15 days of being passed. Hence the allotment of shares to Paul against the value of his cars does not pose a problem. However the company should file a form 88(2) showing the extent to which the shares are to be treated as paid-up. The form should also specify a brief description of the non-cash payment for which the shares were allotted usually the sole shareholder) the companies acts began to recognise that treating each company in a group as separate was misleading. Over time a number of provisions were introduced to recognise this fact. Facts of the case: Until 1979, Cape, an English company, mined and marketed asbestos. Its worldwide marketing subsidiary was another English company, named Capasco. It also had a US marketing subsidiary incorporated in Illinois, named NAAC. In 1974, some 462 people sued Cape, Capasco, NAAC and others in Texas, for

Frequency Response of Networks Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Frequency Response of Networks - Essay Example The essay "Frequency Response of Networks" talks about the theory behind frequency response in inductive and capacitive reactances and presents the plot of frequency response of the RC filter and which regions that these filters operate in. Frequency domain analysis is easier than time domain analysis It is important to obtain the frequency response of a circuit because we can predict its response to any Input signal. There are four general types of filters: Low-pass filters (LPF), Band-pass filters, High-pass filter (HPF) and Band-Reject (Stop). In this laboratory experiment, we will plot the frequency response of a network by analyzing RC passive filters. Capacitive reactance derivation from equation Vcos(ω t + p) where V is the amplitude (can be current or potential), ω is the angular frequency, t is time, and ÃŽ ¦ is a phase shift. The current flowing through a capacitor is given by i = C(dv/dt). Naturally, since v = V cos(ωt+ ÃŽ ¦), DV/dt would equal - ω Vsin(ωt+ ÃŽ ¦). Using trigonometric identity we can rewrite sin as cos and get –ωVcos (ωt+ {ÃŽ ¦ -90}) (subtracting 90 degrees from sin to get cosine) by taking the derivative of the voltage and multiplying it by the capacitance we get the current flowing through the capacitor i = - ωCVcos(ωt+ [ÃŽ ¦ -90]). This is in the time domain. In order to derive the impedance/reactance, it must be converted to the frequency domain by writing the voltage and current as a phasor solving using Euler's Identity where ejx = cosx + jsinx j is the imaginary number.

Asians' Attitude toward Different Age Groups Term Paper

Asians' Attitude toward Different Age Groups - Term Paper Example In anthropology the type of communication one uses shows how one feels about another. In the Asian continent, many countries have a very high level of respect for their elders even if they are only slightly older. They show this respect through non-verbal and verbal means. Bowing is one of the most significant non-verbal methods of showing respect to elder people in Asia. This practice has been ongoing for a long time and its integration in their culture is as old as the discovery of the community itself. In order to show trust, the bowing has to be with eyes down to the floor. In order to understand such concepts, anthropology uses certain concepts. The first concept in anthropology is human universalism. This concept tries to convince people that despite what society or race one is from, the aspect of humanity makes everyone equal. This is evident in the Asian scenario of respect to the elders. It is an inborn human trait to respect people older than someone due to their experience in life. The people may not be learned than the younger ones but their wisdom in life lessons is invaluable. Even though this concept remains trashed by many societies, the respect for elders remains universal. In Asia, bowing is a common symbol of respect across many countries. This proves the second concept of anthropology that all cultures are somehow interrelated. In order for one to understand how a culture works, one has to understand how it influences and influenced by other institutions. Respect impacts on the culture of Asians positively as it enhances love between the siblings and their elders. Bowing is a small task compared to what it accomplishes in the relationship between ancestors and their young ones. The lower one bows, the deeper the respect and trust one has for that person. In order for one to be successful, Asians in many countries believe there has to

Theories of Imperalism Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words - 1

Theories of Imperalism - Essay Example The object of acquiring a colonial empire was usually to raise it to the status of a world power,† (Mommsen, 1977, p.5) as he quotes Chamberlain in 1897: â€Å"It seems to me that the tendency of the time is to throw all power into the hands of the greater empires, and the minor kingdoms – those which are non-progressive – seem to be destined to fall into a secondary and subordinate place,† (p. 6). This is the State Oriented theory of Imperialism and its main connection is with the territory and it is connected with the British patriotism. The whole idea of this imperialism was that British people had to acquire more and more territories in unsuspecting and underdeveloped countries to show their patriotism towards the country and Crown. The expansion of territory went on unabatedly for at least two centuries, till Britain owned one third of the world, arrogantly claiming that Sun never set in British Empire. The original meaning of Imperialism was simply one powerful ruler ruling over many territories and regions either inside European continent, or anywhere else in the world. It meant the all-powerful British crown making policies for colonies in the distant East and West of the globe. He says this position at home strengthened the situation of Conservative party of England. Classic political theory of Imperialism developed in the other half of the nineteenth century. German scholars like Heinrich Friedjung are at the helm of this theory. The colonial expansion ambitions of Napoleon III, no doubt ended in total disaster; but it gave credence to the grandeur of imperialism, the legitimate and magnificent rule of a mighty ruler over lesser mortals. Mommsen says that Friedjung did tremendous amount of work to establish the classical theory of imperialism by combining the nationalistic ideology working for the domination of far-flung areas for the sole purpose of national gratification. The days were conducive and any victory over the natives of colonies was

Team work and organisational success Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Team work and organisational success - Essay Example The teamwork in any organization depends upon the organizational process requirements and organizational structure as well. The team can be classified into the major groups of self-managing teams, quality circles, virtual teams and cross-functional teams among others. There can be teams formed of specialized professionals within an organization according to a specified task. However, it is quite essential that all the team members in a team should have a common goal.With regards to teamwork, certain aspects should be considered as vital by an organization. The members of the organization should attend meetings to make team goals and to discuss the problems associated with the targeted objectives. The personal goals of the team members should be achieved with the virtues of teamwork. Conflict should be avoided in teamwork. Notably, it is also essential for a team to work efficiently in terms that every individual member of the team should play a contributory role to assist the organiz ational growth or attainment of the determined objectives. Team formation takes time and there are certain stages that a team should pass through such as ‘forming’, ‘storming’, ‘norming’, ‘performing’ and ‘dissolving'.Biogenic Plc is an organization which is engaged in producing crop protection products. The total workforce of the organization is 15,000 employees and is scattered in over 80 countries. Biogenic recruits able and motivated employees to form a strong team.... With regards to team work, certain aspects should be considered as vital by an organisation. The members of the organisation should attend meetings to make team goals and to discuss the problems associated with the targeted objectives. The personal goals of the team members should be achieved with the virtues of teamwork. Conflict should be avoided in teamwork. Notably, it is also essential for a team to work efficiently in terms that every individual member in the team should play a contributory role to assist the organisational growth or attainment of the determined objectives (Gibson & et. al., 1980). Team formation takes time and there are certain stages that a team should pass through such as ‘forming’, ‘storming’, ‘norming’, ‘performing’ and ‘dissolving’ that can be well observed from the diagram represented below (Gibson & et. al., 1980). Figure: Stages in the Formation of Team Biogenia Plc is an organisation whi ch is engaged with producing crop protection products. The total workforce of the organisation is 15,000 employees and is scattered in over 80 countries. Biogenia recruits able and motivated employees to form a strong team. For the purpose of in-house training, the organisation often forms a team of the members which covers both technical as well as personal development issues of the employees. There is a team which handles community work as well. For international assignments, teams are formed for the specific tasks, for example, for the development of a new herbicide a team was formed in South Africa. The team members formed for the international assignment are from different backgrounds. The qualification of the members includes PhD in

Why is Corporal Punishment Still Use in Africa What are the Essay

Why is Corporal Punishment Still Use in Africa What are the Alternatives - Essay Example It further revealed that more than 98 percent of the children surveyed reported experiencing corporal punishment. More than a third of these children said they experienced it at least once a week; 20 percent said they had been burnt as a form of punishment; and more than 60 percent of the children said they experienced corporal punishment at school regularly. One out of every seven children said they experienced it every day (D. Naker and D. Sekitoleko 2009). The discussion in this paper provides a criticism of corporal punishment of children within families and schools in the region of Africa. The paper intends to establish that corporal punishment to children is a significant violation of their human rights but it has been embedded in social, cultural and religious aspect of life in Africa. The paper will further explore the reasons why it is common in Africa despite the fact that it extremely damages children’s development, make them sensitive and can harm them in many ways. The paper intends to provide the potential consequences of corporal punishment on children, and suggests how corporal/physical punishment might be eliminated in Africa. In the end the paper will provide the comprehensive detail about the possible alternatives of corporal punishment along with the critical analysis of these alternatives. The critical analysis will provide the discussion that how the alternatives can be more successful as a form of punishment with less damaging effects on children’s body and mind. Why is Corporal Punishment Still Used in Africa? What  are the Alternatives? I. Introduction â€Å"Physical punishment of people, especially by hitting or beating them† Oxford dictionary â€Å"Physical punishment as distinguished from pecuniary punishment or a fine; any kind of punishment inflicted on the body.†

Theories of Imperalism Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words - 1

Theories of Imperalism - Essay Example The object of acquiring a colonial empire was usually to raise it to the status of a world power,† (Mommsen, 1977, p.5) as he quotes Chamberlain in 1897: â€Å"It seems to me that the tendency of the time is to throw all power into the hands of the greater empires, and the minor kingdoms – those which are non-progressive – seem to be destined to fall into a secondary and subordinate place,† (p. 6). This is the State Oriented theory of Imperialism and its main connection is with the territory and it is connected with the British patriotism. The whole idea of this imperialism was that British people had to acquire more and more territories in unsuspecting and underdeveloped countries to show their patriotism towards the country and Crown. The expansion of territory went on unabatedly for at least two centuries, till Britain owned one third of the world, arrogantly claiming that Sun never set in British Empire. The original meaning of Imperialism was simply one powerful ruler ruling over many territories and regions either inside European continent, or anywhere else in the world. It meant the all-powerful British crown making policies for colonies in the distant East and West of the globe. He says this position at home strengthened the situation of Conservative party of England. Classic political theory of Imperialism developed in the other half of the nineteenth century. German scholars like Heinrich Friedjung are at the helm of this theory. The colonial expansion ambitions of Napoleon III, no doubt ended in total disaster; but it gave credence to the grandeur of imperialism, the legitimate and magnificent rule of a mighty ruler over lesser mortals. Mommsen says that Friedjung did tremendous amount of work to establish the classical theory of imperialism by combining the nationalistic ideology working for the domination of far-flung areas for the sole purpose of national gratification. The days were conducive and any victory over the natives of colonies was

Why is Corporal Punishment Still Use in Africa What are the Essay

Why is Corporal Punishment Still Use in Africa What are the Alternatives - Essay Example It further revealed that more than 98 percent of the children surveyed reported experiencing corporal punishment. More than a third of these children said they experienced it at least once a week; 20 percent said they had been burnt as a form of punishment; and more than 60 percent of the children said they experienced corporal punishment at school regularly. One out of every seven children said they experienced it every day (D. Naker and D. Sekitoleko 2009). The discussion in this paper provides a criticism of corporal punishment of children within families and schools in the region of Africa. The paper intends to establish that corporal punishment to children is a significant violation of their human rights but it has been embedded in social, cultural and religious aspect of life in Africa. The paper will further explore the reasons why it is common in Africa despite the fact that it extremely damages children’s development, make them sensitive and can harm them in many ways. The paper intends to provide the potential consequences of corporal punishment on children, and suggests how corporal/physical punishment might be eliminated in Africa. In the end the paper will provide the comprehensive detail about the possible alternatives of corporal punishment along with the critical analysis of these alternatives. The critical analysis will provide the discussion that how the alternatives can be more successful as a form of punishment with less damaging effects on children’s body and mind. Why is Corporal Punishment Still Used in Africa? What  are the Alternatives? I. Introduction â€Å"Physical punishment of people, especially by hitting or beating them† Oxford dictionary â€Å"Physical punishment as distinguished from pecuniary punishment or a fine; any kind of punishment inflicted on the body.†

The Two Burials In Beowulf Essay Example for Free

The Two Burials In Beowulf Essay The focal point of this essay is to present a clear and original argument in relation to the two burials that begin and end Beowulf. Scyld ScÄ“fing’s burial at sea in lines 24-46, and Beowulf`s burial in lines 2755-2796. It would be evaluated and analyzed the difference of these two funerals and probable reasons behind the difference and the details of two methods of burial that depict about the two men and about their cultures. However, it would also be ascertained whether these differences are just aspects of two different cultures of the basically same landscape but modified over a huge period of time frame. The journey undertaken by Beowulf is not only personal journey of self-discovery, but journey that establishes the values of the culture. While the personal adventure and situations are unique, the travels of Beowulf are representative of each human’s quest to find meaning and purpose in life. As epics of the oral tradition, Beowulf did not appear in writing until many years after the stories originated. Through the many retellings of the tale, probably changed significantly over time; however, the essences of the society and the culture have survived. In many ways, Beowulf is not only epic and myth from their time period, but also serves as historiographies of the society and culture of the time and the funeral ceremonies depicted in the epic, first the incident of Scyld ScÄ“fing`s burial at sea and then the narrative of Beowulf`s burial, are enlightening enough for understanding the nature of customs and funeral rituals. (Lamb, 378, 2-4) At the time of the earliest telling of Beowulf, the people were pagans. With the acceptance of Christianity, â€Å"God† provided the people of Beowulf’s time with an explanation for good and evil and an afterlife for the souls of those who followed God. As Breizmann points out that later generations attempted to incorporate their Christian beliefs, the text â€Å"abounds with inserted narratives† (Breizmann 1030). When Grendel terrorizes the mead hall, the explanation is that, â€Å"He was spawned in that slime, /Conceived by a pair of those monsters born/ Of Cain† (104-106). This Christian theme reappears several times in the epic, and when Beowulf is dying, he says, â€Å"I can die, here,/ Knowing the Lord of all life has never/Watched me wash my sword in blood/Born of my own family† (274-43). . Because he has been good and has served his god and his people, when Beowulf dies, â€Å"Almighty God Himself, was moved, / To let him enter† (3056-7). This influence alone drifted initial purity of the epic from its initial cultural originality. The funeral of Scyld ScÄ“fing appears to be more concerning the original ritualistic rites of the actual time when the epic was composed. In Scyld ScÄ“fing’s case it was found that the rituals includes placing various arms and armors with other valuables with the dead and drifting the body in the sea on a boat or burn it. In this case, the boat was drifted away. This is specifically a Scandinavian ritual and was well in practice when the epic was conceptualized. We can find this funeral rite in lines 24-46 of the epic. The text reads. â€Å"His people carried him to the sea, / which was his last request. / In the harbor stood / a well-built ship, / icy but ready for the sea./ They laid Shield there, / propped him against the mast / surrounded by gold / and treasure from distant lands./ Ive never heard / of a more beautiful ship, /filled with shields, swords, /and coats of mail, gifts / to him for his long trip.† (Naik, ed. 182-183) this is in stark contrast with the funeral rites of Beowulf. Here we find that â€Å"Wiglaf ordered / the brave warriors / to carry wood / from far and wide / to the funeral pyre / for the great leader†¦. There they laid / the famous prince / and lamented / that beloved lord. / Warriors then built / the greatest of fires. / Wood-smoke ascended, / dark black over the flames.† (Naik, ed. 294) This form of funeral is basically aligned with the Roman concept of ritual ceremony that the Christian community initially took and implemented in this epic. Thus it is obvious that this part was changed and incorporated in a much latter stage. (Lamb, 379, 5) While the rituals and adventures of Beowulf are pleasant tales of quests, the real value of the epic is the glimpse they provide of ancient cultures and peoples. In addition, Beowulf is links between the past and the present and between the values all cultures seem to share. Although the cultural and historical contexts change, certain human truths do not, and in the end, like Beowulf, all men leave their earthly existences, perhaps with the hopes that the myths they leave behind will provide lessons for those who come after them. This is more aligned to the Christian learning than ancient pagan thought process. These incorporations result in the intermingled format of affairs in terms of cultural identifications. (Lamb, 380, 1-3) Thus in the ultimate conclusion it can be well ascertained that the influence of different culture and religion affected the original epic with various additions making it juxtaposed within the different cultural aspects spread over a huge time period. The funerals depicted in the epic are just result of these changes and thus it is unable to tell us anything specific on the topic of funeral rituals during the era when this epic was composed initially. References: Breizmann, Natalia. â€Å"Beowulf as Romance: Literary Interpretations as Quest.† MLN 113.5; (1998): 1022-1035; JSTOR; Retrieved on 23 February 2007 http://www.jstor.org Naik, S; The legends of the North: A compilation of ancient epics; National Book Trust; 2006 Lamb, Davis; Cult to Culture: The Development of Civilization on the Strategic Strata; National Book Trust. 2004

Korean Wave In Vietnam History Essay

Korean Wave In Vietnam History Essay In a lot of researches, writers in Korea state that Korean culture has entered many countries in the world, beginning in China, then it moved forward to Southeast and Central Asia. From the year 2000 to 2002, the number of films and music album bought by neighborhood countries of Korea increased dramatically ( Hyejung, cited in Lee 2007). According to Kim (cited in Lee 2007), the connection between Korean culture and other cultures are Korean films. Vietnam is not an exception. Korean dramas focus on sexual love, the promoted luxury and hedonistic lifestyles which attracted many young Vietnamese (Kang, cited in Cho 2005). According to Nguyen (Xuan 2012b), with dramas whose content was gentle, philosophical and deeply humane, Korean wave entered Vietnam 10 years ago. She adds that in the middle of the year 2005, the amount of hours projecting Korean films reduced from nearly 20% to 8.4%. However, up to now, Korean dramas have been accepted by a lot of Vietnamese because of their varied themes and indeed meanings. Dang (2009) agrees that around the year 2000s, Korean wave developed strongly in Vietnam. During 2000s, in Vietnam, from the North to the South, Korean dramas occupied much of time on television channels with four or five dramas which were projected every night (Dang 2009). At that time, Korean dramas were so popular that whenever mentioning it, everyone thinks to cancer, accidents and amnesia (Xuan 2012a). The reason for that success is their close ideology to Vietnamese culture. Different from American series films, Korean ones are filled with traditional values and technical sophistication. While Hollywood or Bollywood focused on action scenes, sexy actors and actresses, Korean movies conquered Vietnamese by nice storylines, good production values, beautiful locations, excellent and gorgeous actors and actresses (Dang, 2009). Agreeing with two above opinions, however, Nguyen (2012) suggests that an important factors helping Korean wave enter Vietnam was their cheap price. Compared to the price of films of other countries, the average price of Korean dramas was about only a quarter or even a tenth of them. Therefore, a lot of Korean films were bought and they have been popular around the ASEAN, Eastern and other parts of the world (Nguyen 2012). Besides, another feature of Korean culture is Korean music, or K-pop. Dramas are in narrow areas, meanwhile, Korean music has developed dramatically thanks to beautiful dance and music videos meticulously invested (Xuan 2012b). A lot of famous Korean bands organized their concerts and they have sold millions of tickets each concert. Im (cited in Cho 2005) indicated that during H.O.T concert in February 2005, more than 100,000 copies of their records sold and many T-shirt with pictures of H.O.T bought by young people. What are the impacts of Korean wave on Vietnamese? It can be clarified that Korean wave influences Vietnamese, especially Vietnamese youth, with both good and bad effect. Primarily, Korean wave has changed Vietnamese lifestyle positively. Contrary to people who admired Korean idols in China or Japan, Vietnamese ones consumed enthusiastically all of idols pictures and messages (Cho 2005). Luong (cited in Xuan 2012a) suggests that Korean dramas can help young people learn the way to overcome their trouble, the way to work in a community and become more independent. In make-up area, a research shows many girls and women in Vietnam have changed their make-up way since Korean dramas and music entered Vietnam. They have used darker eyes color, thinly shaved eyebrows, body-hugging clothes, and square-toed shoes like Korean characters and singers they admired and crazed (Jim Seo, 2004). They also added that the Vietnamese president, Tran Duc Luong, has had his dinner with two famous actors and actress of Korean that time. This action expres sed Vietnameses interest to Korean culture (Jim Seo, 2005). During the last 10 years, Korean dramas have gradually replaced Chinese ones in Vietnam. Especially, for young people in Vietnam, modern lives, beautiful houses and items in Korean dramas have led them to think more about better lives in Korea and they admired those so much. They considered Korea as a developed country after seeing modern sceneries in Korean dramas. Therefore, they have tried to borrow and adopt those modern things into their lives (Dang 2009). Furthermore, she demonstrates that by Korean wave, a lot of young people considered Korea as the destination for their later lives. For example, Nguyen (cited in Xuan 2012b) states that in 1994, the number of student registering for school was only 30 students but that number increased to 120 students each year. And the reason they give is because they enjoy Korean dramas and music so much. Its a piece of love young people giving to Korean culture (Nguyen, cited in Xuan 2012b). Besides, the penetration of Korean wave in Vietnam brings along some bad impact for people, especially on young Vietnamese. Korean movies use fictional material, so they can make young people illustrate about Korea and Korean dream(Thanh 2012). Luong (cited in Xuan 2012a) assumes Korean wave has attacked young people strongly and a lot of young Vietnamese has become crazy fan of Korean singers, actors, actresses. A part of the youth has wrong thought about the Korean culture, which causes some bad actions. He takes his daughter as an example. She always ask him to buy many pictures, items relating to her idols. She even can wait many hours to meet her idols in the airport and unhappily comes back without seeing them. His daughter is only one of thousands of young people who are crazy because of Korean idols. The fashion trend of young Vietnamese is also influenced much by Korean wave. It would be good if young people didnt abuse that trend. So many young people have copied the style of Korean stars and they have spent so much money on buying the same clothes to their idols ones (Nguyen, cited in Xuan 2012b). However, according to Kim (cited in Thanh 2012), another bad impact of Korean wave on young Vietnamese is that it usually causes traffic jam in big cities like Hanoi and Ho Chi Minh city because all of crazy fans want to see their idols in real (Nguyen 2012). As a recent study, estimate that about 500,000 viewers coming to each of big Korean concert in Vietnam. So, it is easy to make congestion. Even some crazy fans dare to suicide if their parents dont allow them to go to see their oppa (Thanh 2012). How to deal with Korean waves effects in Vietnam? Korean wave is popular in many countries around the world, including Vietnam. So, people and government should take some actions to deal with it properly. Thanh (2012) recommends that Vietnam medium should change the way advertising Korean culture now. Developing Vietnamese culture appropriately should be done too. Furthermore, other countries should cooperate to produce cultural products bringing different cultures (Dang 2009). Luong (cited in Xuan 2012a) adds that Vietnamese government had better invest to creative science after learning precious experience from Korea. In fact, Vietnam government has applied a lot of documents to local Television stations asking to reduce the number of foreign dramas, especially Korean dramas and increase the Vietnamese ones (Dang 2009). These actions will make equal between two culture and make the young enjoy them right. Moreover, family and school play an important part in dealing with their childrens craze for their idols. Parents and teachers had better unite together to educate and guide their children the best way to admire their idols and take their love to idols into the inspiration. With the right education and direction, the young definitely know the best way to behave with their love to their idols. Finally, the most important solution belongs to attitude of young people to Korean wave. Teenagers in Vietnamese should behave right to effects and drawbacks of Korean wave. People should make use of without destroying it. (Nguyen, cited in Xuan 2012a).

THOMAS JEFFERSON :: Essays Papers

THOMAS JEFFERSON In the thick of party conflict in 1800, Thomas Jefferson wrote in a private letter, "I have sworn upon the altar of God eternal hostility against every form of tyranny over the mind of man." This powerful advocate of liberty was born in 1743 in Albermarle County, Virginia, inheriting from his father, a planter and surveyor, some 5,000 acres of land, and from his mother, a Randolph, high social standing. He studied at the College of William and Mary, then read law. In 1772 he married Martha Wayles Skelton, a widow, and took her to live in his partly constructed mountaintop home, Monticello. Freckled and sandy-haired, rather tall and awkward, Jefferson was eloquent as a correspondent, but he was no public speaker. In the Virginia House of Burgesses and the Continental Congress, he contributed his pen rather than his voice to the patriot cause. As the "silent member" of the Congress, Jefferson, at 33, drafted the Declaration of Independence. In years following he labored to make its wor ds a reality in Virginia. Most notably, he wrote a bill establishing religious freedom, enacted in 1786. Jefferson succeeded Benjamin Franklin as minister to France in 1785. His sympathy for the French Revolution led him into conflict with Alexander Hamilton when Jefferson was Secretary of State in President Washington's Cabinet. He resigned in 1793. Sharp political conflict developed, and two separate parties, the Federalists and the Democratic-Republicans, began to form. Jefferson gradually assumed leadership of the Republicans, who sympathized with the revolutionary cause in France. Attacking Federalist policies, he opposed a strong centralized Government and championed the rights of states. As a reluctant candidate for President in 1796, Jefferson came within three votes of election. Through a flaw in the Constitution, he became Vice President, although an opponent of President Adams. In 1800 the defect caused a more serious problem. Republican electors, attempting to name both a President and a Vice President from their own party, cast a tie vote between Jefferson and Aaron Burr. The House of Representatives settled the tie. Hamilton, disliking both Jefferson and Burr, nevertheless urged Jefferson's election. When Jefferson assumed the Presidency, the crisis in France had passed. He slashed Army and Navy expenditures, cut the budget, eliminated the tax on whiskey so unpopular in the West, yet reduced the national debt by a third. He also sent a naval squadron to fight the Barbary pirates, who were harassing American commerce in the Mediterranean.

Free Essays on Whartons Ethan Frome: Wonderful and Cynical Ethane :: Ethan Frome Essays

Wonderful and Cynical Ethane Frome    Wonderful symbolism, pleasant reading, yet cynical and deterministic  Ã‚   I thoroughly enjoyed this novel and recommend it to lovers of romantic tragedy. For its mere 157 pages, this novel has an amazing impact. Wharton, who is usually credited for her stories set in the society she was more familiar with, such as "The Age of Innocence" writes with profound symbolism here. Setting the story in the town of Starkfield, her main character, Ethan, is a poor farmer caught between the cold reality of his marriage and his warm passion for love. In many ways "Ethan Frome" reminds me of "The Great Gatsby", although Ethan is much more down-to-earth and realistic than the fanciful Jay. But both novels read like poetry, and Wharton masterfully uses the natural settings and seasons to describe and emphasize her protagonist's inner workings. Where the tragedy of Gatsby's story may be questionable, there is no question (not in my mind anyway) about this story's appeal to our pathos. What is even more interesting is that Ethan Frome is probably the closest to autobiography of Wharton's works. She most likely chose a male protagonist in order to achieve the sympathy for those circumstances. Had she titled the story "Edna Frome" she would have likely stirred the animosity that Kate Chopin received for her book "The Awakening". The story is a simple one and the reading very pleasing. Ethan Frome is in a loveless marriage to a "mean" and sickly woman - Zeena. He falls in love with her younger cousin Mattie, who embodies all the sweet characteristics of romance. The dilemma is obvious on the surface, but is strengthened by many other unsurmountable realities. (Wharton has been labelled a believer of determinism, which is evident in this writing.)

Brave New World: A Linguistic Analysis

The novel Brave New World by Aldous Huxley tries to show us the extreme consequences of social planning. As Huxley makes it, it is a project begun in philosophy, and ending in a few philosophers exercising control over larger society in order to suppress philosophy among the generality. The remnant of philosophers has earned the wisdom that thinking is deleterious to human happiness and social stability. Therefore the overriding goal of the 27th century world community is to suppress the natural human inclinations.In effect the community is only of the small coterie of philosophers at the helm, for the rest of humanity is maintained at a bestial level of existence by their machinations. They are bred artificially, and then raised through constant conditioning, all designed to make them function on their animal instincts alone, and so that they abhor the least tendency to reflection. All are made sexually sterile, and then encouraged to dwell on the sexual act with promiscuous abandon .Care is taken that the promiscuous partners do not fall in love, for love arouses the noble tendencies, and theses are dangerous to the status quo. Otherwise, any substantial thought in nipped in the bud, for the inhabitants of this society are encouraged to take the soma drug at the least onset of a serious thought process. It has been worked out that a hierarchy is necessary for this society to function, and according a five-fold caste system has been applied to the make-up of this society – from the alphas and betas at the top, to the deltas and epsilons at the bottom.The breeding and conditioning takes place according to this scheme. It is a triumph of logic, and yet it is also the death of the human. This conflict is the central theme of the novel. The opening section of the novel presents to us this theme variously and in poignant fashion. This essay carries out a linguistic analysis of the opening chapter, which sheds light on the overall theme. The general impression given is that society has progressed very far, so that logic and science have completely prevailed.The Director of the Hatcheries is describing to some students the process of artificially breeding the citizens of this society. His account tells us that it is a highly advanced process, and the machinery seems to be functioning flawlessly. As he enters the fertilizing room, there are fifty Fertilizer staff immersed in their work, and so the group is met with a â€Å"scarcely breathing silence, the absentminded, soliloquising hum or whistle, of absorbed concentration† (Huxley 2004, p. 16). All the clues point to a highly sophisticated society working on the factory principle.The factory principle is so esteemed years are counted from the year that the industrialist Henry Ford brought out his first mass-production car, the model T, which was in the year 1914. The present year is said to be 632 A. F. – the latter stands for â€Å"after Ford† (Ibid 15). But the fact ory is producing human beings. The cold calculation that is involved in this process reminds us of death rather than life. The suggestion is that the genesis of human being is also a process whereby humanity dies. Therefore, the general atmosphere painted is deathly, cold and uninspiring.â€Å"A SQUAT grey building of only thirty-four stories† (Ibid, p. 15). describes the Hatcheries Central, and defines a drab setting, to juxtapose it against its momentous function. Winter conditions are maintained to preserve the eggs and the sperm, and winter is also intimated in a symbolic sense. â€Å"Wintriness responded to wintriness. The overalls of the workers were white, their hands gloved with a pale corpse-coloured rubber. The light was frozen, dead, a ghost† (Ibid). The general impression is that this is not a place of life, but of death.The conflict is also between knowledge and ignorance. We are privy to a society where the excess of knowledge has begotten its antithesis, which is a will to ignorance. The society is based on a highly philosophical design, and yet the philosophy behind it is not supposed to be known by the citizens, because the entire object is to eradicate thinking. Thus the motto of World Society is emblazoned on the top of the entrance to the Hatcheries: â€Å"COMMUNITY, IDENTITY, STABILITY† (Ibid). The only possible way for the entire world to live as one community is to suppress thought.Individuality is encouraged, but only in so far as it pertains to action in particular, and eschews all generalizations that stems of thinking. â€Å"Not philosophers but fret-sawyers and stamp collectors compose the backbone of society,† we are told by the narrator (Ibid). â€Å"Identity† here means that one is able to fulfill one’s own immediate inclination or instinct. Stability is the result of this non-thinking and instinct-driven existence. In short, the plan is for a bestial existence, and one acquires stability just as a species of animal is stable in its jungle abode.Yet the highest philosophy must coexist with this manufactured ignorance, because the ignorance must be manufactured by someone. The Director of the Hatcheries is among the tiny group of citizens that must know exactly what is going on, for they must process and maintain it. He is part of the highest caste, the Alphas, those who are privy to all knowledge. But the second highest caste, the Betas, must also have a working knowledge, because they take on the high supervisory roles of the running of this society. â€Å"Just to give you a general idea† (Ibid 16).the Director is wont to say as he provides instruction to the Beta students. They are not supposed to know, yet they must be able to do their work properly, and with a modicum of intelligence. The knowledge that they are provided is just enough to keep them happy. They apply the knowledge towards the particular work that they have to do. If they do their work prof iciently they have job satisfaction and financial reward, and ask for nothing beyond these. But the danger is that the knowledge is applied generally, and beyond the confines of the particular situation.Such application of knowledge disrupts the whole pattern, and defeats the object of society. â€Å"For particulars, as every one knows,† the narrator tells us, describing the logic of the Director, â€Å"make for virtue and happiness; generalities are intellectually necessary evils† (Ibid). The last observation is told from the point of view of the Director, and it is significant that he describes generalities as â€Å"intellectually necessary evils†. This is admitting that evil has not been eradicated from this society. It is present in the process, especially in the thought process that engenders the entire system.But the intellection that takes place is necessary, so it is not the philosophers at the helm who are evil. There is no indication in the novel that the World Controllers abuse the power that they have appropriated. They are portrayed as selfless, and as having no concern but the greatest good of society. They hold the secret knowledge that thought is evil, but the evil does not touch their own person, while they proceed with their intellectual designs on society. The evil is instead diffused throughout the system. The evil aspect of this society is the aggregate loss of humanity.Happiness has been bought, but the price paid for it has been essential humanity. The gift of humanity is the greatest gift, and thus the price paid is the ultimate one. For all its apparent contentedness, this society is intrinsically inhuman, and the descriptions of the process taking place in the Hatcheries Central point towards an inhuman existence. â€Å"I shall begin at the beginning† (Ibid). This is how the Director begins his instruction, trying to manufacture a solemnity in keeping with the enormity of what is taking place, which is huma n genesis on a massive scale.But his effort falls flat, and it seems nothing more than a facetious pun. We notice the same effort towards solemnity in all his words and gestures. But solemnity is not possible in the presence of such mundane processes, no matter that the object is human genesis. He tells them about the operation that removes the female ovaries, which are then kept functioning artificially in order to provides the human eggs. We are told that the donors act voluntarily, but we know that it is actually a hefty bait of â€Å"a bonus amounting to six months’ salary† that induces them (Ibid, p. 17).Both sperm and egg cells are maintained at the right temperatures, before arriving at the fertilizing room, where cylinders containing the eggs are manually dipped into the sperm to effect fertilization. We are shocked to witness human conception under such a shabby process as dipping cylinders is seminal fluid. The calculation is relentless. Not all the fertilize d eggs are not all treated the same. Those embryos that are destined to become Alpha citizens are accorded the best treatment. All other embryos are deliberately maltreated, to various degrees, so that they form the lower hierarchies, from beta to epsilon.The â€Å"Bokanovsky’s Process† is the euphemistic term to describe this crime. The deliberate damaging of embryos in indicative of the inherent inhumanity of this society. It is one human being maiming another who is at the most defenseless state of existence. The evil is thus inherent in the process itself. Not just on the philosopher at the top, the indictment somehow falls on society at a whole. References Huxley, Aldous. Brave New World and Brave New World Revisited. London: HarperCollins, 2004.

Marketing of Four Seasons Hotel Shanghai Essay

For the successful completion of our report, we would like to express our deep gratitude to all the people who give us help and advise. First and foremost, we are going to give our appreciation to Mr. Wang, the Assistant Sales Director of the Four Seasons Hotel Shanghai. He spent his personal time replying our email to answer our questions and gave us a lot of valuable information and instructions which keep our report going in the right direction. Secondly, we would like to thank our Marketing lecturer, Miss Medico, she provided us with many useful resources and guidance at every stage of writing the report. Clearly, we cannot finish this report smoothly without her help. Last but not least, we would like to thank all our friends for their suggestions and inspiring. Contents Introduction Nowadays, with the rapid development of the hospitality industry in Shanghai, more and more hotels are demanded and built that brings more fierce competition to the hotels. Whether a hotel could capture market share, the most important thing for the hotel is marketing strategies. Correct marketing strategies could make a hotel winning in the competition. Our report is written based on the research of the marketing actuality of Four Seasons Hotel Shanghai and focused on analysing its marketing strategies to study how it promotes its product and services. The report is divided into three sections. In the first section, we introduce and give some detailed background information about the hotel including its history, stage in the lifecycle and the product and services the hotel is offering. In the second section, we identify the hotel’s target market and analyse their characteristic. In the last section, the information about the promotional tools or marketing strategies which the hotel is using are given related some examples. After that, it is the findings and analysis of the tools or strategies and our own opinions. Background of Four Seasons Hotel Shanghai Four Seasons Hotel Shanghai is invested by Shanghai Industrial Holdings Limited Company and managed by a very famous hotel brand, Four Seasons Hotels & Resorts. It is ideally located in the heart of Shanghai’s downtown, adjacent to Nanjing Road and Huaihai Road which are famous as the business, entertainment and shopping centers of Shanghai. It was built in October 2002. The internal and external design of the hotel is blended of Chinese and Western concepts to provide the guests special feelings. Four Seasons Hotel Shanghai has a total of 439 rooms. All of them are comfortably, elaborately decorated and well-equipped with modern guest amenities. The food and beverage products feature Chinese, Japanese and Western style. There are three restaurants, Si Ji Xuan, Shintaro and Steak House, offered three different types food to satisfy all kinds of the guests’ needs. In addition, Four Seasons Hotel Shanghai is well-known for many important events hold there cause the amazing ballrooms. Health & Fitness Center is including an indoor heated Swimming Pool, Gym, Steam Room, Sauna and Massage. The hotel provide the guests all kinds of services even some of them you cannot imagine! For example, the hotel provide couple guests the couples’ service which is including offering silky pyjamas, classic love stories on DVD and so on. Anyway, the hotel think of everything the guests may need and offer it before guests asking. Therefore, a lot of guests are attracted to stay Four Seasons Hotel Shanghai to have a unforgettable experience. The Lifecycle Stages of Four Seasons Hotel Shanghai As a modern city hotel, Four Seasons Hotel Shanghai does not have a long history. But only for one decade developing, it has successfully acquired its a mount of fixed customer groups of business leaders, political leaders and super stars. It is inseparable from the adaptable marketing strategies used during different lifecycle stages of the hotel. According to the research they did, there was few Chinese knew Four Seasons Hotels and resorts before Four Seasons Hotel Shanghai built cause that Four Seasons Hotel Shanghai is the first Four Seasons Hotel in Chinese Mainland. So during initial developing stage, the primary tasks for its marketing are target market positioning and brand promoting which purpose to build reputation, create the right image of hotel and introduce the product and services to the target market. Through the extension in initial stage, a basic sales network are built and the hotel turns into growth stage. In this stage, the hotel increases spending on advertising, sales promoting and public relations to improve reputation, image and guest loyalty. Now, Four Seasons Hotel Shanghai is in Maturity stage due to the favorable accumulation of capital and customer groups in initial and growth stages. The operations are on the right track; the market occupancy and profit level are quite high and the product and services are competitive. Therefore, the current work for them are seeking more wide target market and keeping the guest loyalty already gained. Target Market By accurately positioning target market, the hotel could better determine how many potential guests they have; adjust their product and services to preferably satisfy guests’ needs and draft their marketing strategies appropriately. ï ¼Ë†Data offered by Marketing Department of Four Seasons Hotel Shanghai, 2012ï ¼â€° According the data which shows the proportions of six different types guests offered by Mr. Wang, we create the pie chart above to make the data intuitional. It shows that Four Seasons Hotel Shanghai’s main target market consists of corporate guests, convention guests, government guests and travelers in 2011. The special location of Four Seasons Hotel Shanghai is the biggest reason for that corporate guests are the first target market. It is located in the CBD where are full of the top 500 Global enterprises such as Exxon Mobil, Morgan Stanley and Pepsi. So there are many business leaders visiting this area. The second target market is convention guests who always look for the hotels have excellent meeting rooms with large space and various modern meeting equipments. Four Seasons Hotel Shanghai is exactly the one can offer all the things they are looking. There are twelve meeting rooms separated into four different size to satisfy all kinds of guests’ needs. The owner of Four Seasons Hotel Shanghai, Shanghai Industrial Holdings Limited Company, is established by Shanghai Government. As the most luxury hotel of its industries, Four Seasons Hotel Shanghai are always used for entertaining officials. So the government guests is a big part of target market. In addition, a lot of travelers particularly the leisure travelers select Four Seasons Hotel Shanghai for their stays in Shanghai. The various leisure and entertainment facilities such as Health & Fitness Center, Spa and Club, provide them with relaxed and comfortable experience. Moreover, the wonderful food and beverage product and service is another reason for their visit. The Promotion Mix of Four Seasons Hotel Shanghai As a member of Four Seasons Hotels and Resorts which is one of the most famous and successful hotel groups all over the world, Four Season Hotel Shanghai concluded many effective and efficient marketing strategies to make itself survived from such a competitive condition. Advertising Advertising is the non-personal communication of information usually paid for & usually persuasive in nature, about products (goods & services) or ideas by identified sponsor through various media. ( Arens, 2010) Publishing pamphlets and magazines Like other hotels, Four Seasons Hotel Shanghai usually promotes its products and services by publishing pamphlets and magazines. The different kinds of magazines can reach different groups of readers. † We just select the magazines which can reach our target markets to promote our products. Determining the way of advertising based on the target markets makes the advertisement more effective and spending less.† ( Wang, 2012) But pamphlets are used more widely than magazines in Four Seasons Hotel Shanghai. Because it can reach and promote more directly to the guests who even have lived in the hotel. For example, during Mid-Autumn Day, the hotel elaborately prepares all kinds of moon cakes for guests. While moon cakes are ready for selling, the Marketing Department designs a pamphlet for promoting the moon cakes and publish the pamphlets. Then the pamphlets appear to everywhere guests could reach. Guests can see it at reception when they are doing check-in or check-out; they can see it on the bed when they arriving the room and on the table of restaurant when they are eating. How big the effects could be by promoting in this way! Online advertising Nowadays, marketing and advertising have been much affected by technology. Online advertising exactly is a outcome of the effect. There are many types of online advertising such as ads on search engine pages, email advertising and banner advertising. Four Season Hotel Shanghai is using the search engine advertising now. The ads of Four Season Hotel Shanghai are delivered on the search results pages of BAIDU which is the biggest search engine in China. Therefore, when people searching some key words related to † hotels in Shanghai† or † restaurants in Shanghai†, the link of official website appears on the right side of the results pages. if people are interested and click the link, page will jump to the official website to make them could reserve the rooms or restaurants. The online advertising communicates much widely and costs lowly. And the effects of advertising can be gathered statistics. Public Relations † Public relations is the technique of communicating favorable information about the operations to the public to create a positive impression. Its ultimate purpose is to create goodwill and increase the number of guests.† (Jack D.Ninemeier, 2010) †Public relations is a strategic communication process that builds mutually beneficial relationships between organizations and their publics.† ( PRSA, 2011) So the key to the success of your operation is creating good relations to the guests, local communities, governments and media. Communicating with public by Internet Today, hotels including Four Seasons Hotel Shanghai try to communicate with public by Internet. Four Seasons Hotel Shanghai is using a way called WEIBO which is the most popular social communication tool in China now. The functions of WEIBO are uploading words or pictures or videos to show some fresh informations about the hotel, such as the new promotions, new facilities or products, upcoming events and something else could improve reputation, image and guest loyalty. What’s more, the guests can leave comments to the hotel no matter if they are satisfied and the hotel can reply the comments. That’s an amazing way to communicate and interact with guests even cost nothing. Participate in public service Participating in the social and sponsored public service is an opportunity to improve the social impact and reputation of hotel and win the understanding and praise from the public. On April 28th 2011, to make a long-term commitment to global sustainability, the employees of Four Seasons Hotel Shanghai began a tree-planting campaign to contribute to the company’s 10 Million Trees initiative. With the support of Children Health Foundation and Oriental Land, the Hotel’s tree-planting campaign fund will be donated to help Chinese children who suffer from congenital malformations and heart disease.† Our employees in Shanghai are inspired by and fully involved in the company’s commitment to global sustainability.† ( Peter Weber, 2011) Four Seasons Hotel Shanghai enters its ninth year with its original pioneering spirit, setting an example of corporate social responsibility and renewing its commitment to improving the lives of children. ( Hotel News, 2011) Sales Promotion Sales Promotion consists of short-term incentives to encourage the purchase or sale of a product or service. It includes a variety of promotional tools designed to stimulate earlier or stronger market response. ( Marketing for Hospitality and Tourism, 2010) Hotel packages promotion As the first competitive factor in guests’ mind, the price always plays an important role in sales promotion. For hotel packages promotion, the price of package is lower than the total price of the products or services with the same qualities included in the package. So hotel packages promotion strongly stimulates the purchase desire of guests and used widely in various types hotels. Four Seasons Hotel Shanghai designs all kinds of packages for various target markets. For instance, the Romantic Wedding Package is prepared specially for the newlywed holding their wedding in the hotel. To leave a lifetime of memories to the newlywed, Four Seasons Hotel Shanghai sets a specially designed ice carving in the ballroom to match the wedding theme. Then during wedding time, the hotel will prepare a champagne tower and a wedding cake which could create a happy wedding atmosphere. After the wedding, a couples spa treatment at Qin Spa is ready for the newlywed to relax. If the newlywed prefer to stay in the hotel for their wedding night, a romantic decoration suite is free for them including a breakfast for two people the following morning. Another amazing thing is that Four Seasons Hotel Shanghai provides the newlywed a gift certificate to celebrate their first anniversary in a restaurant at the hotel chosen by themselves. Anyway, Four Seasons Hotel Shanghai offers various packages for different target markets to satisfy their needs. Discount To attract more guests, discount is the way most direct and acceptable. But it is different from other hotels that Four Seasons Hotel Shanghai nearly never use discount to promote their products even in the off season. As Mr. Wang said, Four Season Hotels and Resorts is one of the most luxury and famous hotel brands in the world and target markets for them are the leaders of business and political circles and super stars but not the middle class or less level. The low price is not the primary reason for their target markets to make their choice cause they do not want to see so many middle class or less level people around them in the hotel. Instead, no discount is another way to attract more high level people. And for Four Seasons, there are actually some things more important than revenue like the reputation and loyalty of target market. Conclusion The report explained some information which is necessary to know for Four Season Hotel Shanghai. As a world class hotel, Four Season Hotel Shanghai has gained high reputation since it was built . To maintain the status and revenue level, promoting the products from various channels and ways to improve and expand public relations and strengthen the products’ promotion is very important for the future development of Four Season Hotel Shanghai. Although its reputation have covered all over world, it must keep working hard on marketing in order to attract and retain the guests. Moreover, doing the programs for public good and communicating with guests are very ideal promotional tools also are useful to improve favorable image for Four Seasons Hotel Shanghai. Reference Cultural China.com. (2008). Four Seasons Hotel [online]. Available at: . [Last accessed on 12.03.2012] Four Seasons Hotels and Resorts. (2012). Four Seasons Hotel Shanghai [online]. Available at: . [Last accessed on 12.03.2012] Hotel News. (2011). Four Seasons Hotel Shanghai Participates in 10 Million Trees Campaign [online]. Available at: . [Last accessed on 13.03.2012] Sohu Weibo. (2012). Four Seasons Hotel Shanghai [online]. Available at: . [Last accessed on 13.03.2012] Nolo.com. (2012). Define a Target Market for Your Business [online]. Available at: . [Last accessed on 14.03.2012] Wikipedia.org (2012). Online Advertising [online]. Available at: . [Last accessed on 14.03.2012] Mark A. Rosso & Bernard J. Jansen, 2010, ‘ Brand Names as Keywords in Sponsored Search Advertising’, CAIS, vol.27. 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